My Grandfather

One of my pictures is in the 2009 JET Journal, page 189.

The following is an essay I submitted to 2009 JET Journal. It was rejected.

My Grandfather's Last Journey

My grandfather died last June, and I didn't go to the funeral. It was too far away, too expensive. The truth is, I didn't want to go, though. Getting together after someone dies is a way to bring closure and to grieve, and no doubt that's important. But it's much more important to get together before the person dies. That's what we had done. In May, a month before my grandfather died, he came to Japan. His friends told him not to go, asked him to think of his failing health. But I think it was precisely because of his failing health that he insisted on going. The man loved to travel and be with his family, and to have that taken away is a burden I don't want to imagine. Neither did he, as it turns out.

So, in May my grandfather came to Japan with my parents. The four of us went to Tokyo and Kyoto and Himeji. We worried, my parents and I did, that my grandfather might wander off somewhere and get lost. So when we got to the hotel, we gave him three hotel business cards -- one for his wallet, one for his jacket pocket, and one for his pants pocket. We worried because there are three things my grandfather wanted every day: coffee, the New York Times (or failing that, the International Herald Tribune), and to check his email. Every morning, he got up and tried to find these three things. Of course my grandfather spoke no Japanese, so watching him find a newspaper was a sight to see. In the train stations he walked from vendor to vendor asking whether they had a newspaper in English. Most of the vendors had no idea what he meant, but nobody was ever rude, and in any case he didn't give up until he found something to read.

I clearly remember the day he died. I went to Yashima Junior High School, and when I checked my email after first period, there was the sad news. "Oh shit ... shit ..." I said, not loudly, but surely audible to the other teachers in the staff room. Nobody said anything. Not knowing what to do, I decided to take a walk through the hallways. This is a good strategy: when you're at a loss for words, go take a walk and look around. It will no doubt not solve your problem, but nobody would expect it to, anyway.

Yashima is an old building. It turned 61 this year, and the tea lady remembers when she studied there, the year it was built. When she was a student, the building was heated by a stove in each classroom. Steam pipes were added later, and they weave through the hallways at head level. As is standard for buildings of that era, the exterior is drab concrete. Off-white paint is peeling, and the wooden gym floor is buckling. I walked through the hallways that morning trying to figure out how I felt. The school has character, and places with character have the quality that they color the memories you form there. This April, Yashima is moving to a new building, and I think the old one will be torn down. I can't help but imagine that the memories I have, what my grandfather meant to me, will somehow be taken away too. This doesn't make sense, but even so.

In the hallway of Yashima there hangs a sign. The sign, which displays the school motto, reads, 「自分で決め 自分で歩く 自分の道。」. "Make your own choices. Walk your own pace. Choose your own path." I have always liked that motto, and it seems my grandfather did too. He loved to travel, and visiting Japan was his way of chasing his dreams, even in the end. Especially in the end. And that makes me smile.

Romaji styles

There are many ways of writing Japanese in romaji. In Japan, all elementary school 4th graders study Kunrei style romaji, which is approved by MEXT. However, when writing names of places and people, we usually use Hepburn style romaji. Here are some examples of Hepburn style romaji.

ローマ字はスタイルいくつかがあります。日本では小学校4年生は訓令式ローマ字を勉強します。文部科学省は訓令式ローマ字を選びました。しかし、場所の名前や人の名前を書くときに、普通はヘバン式ローマ字を使われます。これはヘバン式ローマ字の例です。

  • チ = chi.
    • ちなつ = Chinatsu.
    • 川内 = Kawauchi.
  • シ = shi.
    • 柴田 = Shibata.
    • たかし = Takashi.
  • オウ = o.
    • こうた = Kota.
    • 鳥海 = Chokai.
    • 本荘 = Honjo.
    • 佐藤 = Sato.
  • オオ = o.
    • 太田 = Ota.
    • 大竹 = Otake.
  • ジ = ji.
    • 笹子 = Jinego.
    • けんじ = Kenji.
    • 藤原 = Fujiwara.
  • フ = fu.
    • 富士さん = Mt. Fuji.
    • 三船 = Mifune.

Actually, when writing names, we use something like the Hepburn style. But where Hepburn style romaji has characters like ' (Ken'etsu) and ō (Satō), we often simplify those and just use a-z, A-Z. For example, Kenetsu and Sato.

実は、名前書くときに、ヘバン式ローマ字はほとんど使います。ヘバン式ローマ字には、「'」(「Ken'etsu」)や「ō」(「Satō」)がありますけど、普通は、そのことをスキップをして、「a-z, A-Z」だけを使います。たとえば、「Kenetsu」や「Sato」。

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This work (the text of this blog entry) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
For attribution of this work, link to this page and include my name, Douglas P Perkins.

Japanese grammar

Junior high school English teachers in Japan use this grammar vocabulary on a regular basis. It may be useful to know in order to explain mistakes to students. See also Jim Breen's WWWJDIC, goo dictionary, and Tae Kim's Japanese guide to Japanese grammar.

EnglishKanjiKana
Sentenceぶん
Grammar文法ぶんぽう
Composition作文さくぶん
Noun名詞めいし
Pronoun代名詞だいめいし
Proper noun固有名詞こゆうめいし
Relative pronoun関係代名詞かんけいだいめいし
Adjective形容詞けいようし
Adverb副詞ふくし
Particle助詞じょし
Verb動詞どうし
Helping verb助動詞じょどうし
Participle分詞ぶんし
Preposition前置詞ぜんちし
Conjunction接続詞せつぞくし
Gerund動名詞どうめいし
Object目的語もくてきご
Question word疑問詞ぎもんし
Reference term指示語しじご
Comparative比較級ひかくきゅう
Superlative最上級さいじょうきゅう
Same rank同格どうかく
Past tense過去形かこけい
Present tense現在形げんざいけい
Future tense未来形みらいけい
Normal form原形げんけい
Perfect form完了形かんりょうけい
Continuous form進行形しんこうけい
Singular form単数形たんすうけい
Plural form複数形ふくすうけい

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This work (the text of this blog entry) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
For attribution of this work, link to this page and include my name, Douglas P Perkins.

ESL flash cards

I compiled many flash cards and art for teaching elementary school English in Japan. Many files are Creative Commons licensed (if written in the file itself) or in the public domain (see the COPYING file), so you can modify them and redistribute them, if you like.

Nomad ESL clipart

The flash cards cover many topics: days of the week, months, weather, fruit, emotions, family members, greetings, pizza, school rooms, buildings, vehicles, and more. For each topic, there are A4 flash cards and karuta cards. You probably want the PDFs. If you want to edit the files, download the original images or the odg files. You can edit Open Document Graphics (odg) and Open Document Text (odt) files with OpenOffice, among other programs. OpenOffice is free. See also Clker, PD Clipart, and Wikimedia Commons.

Padlock

I find it disgusting that I can't include mp3s of The Beatles' "Hello Goodbye" or Eric Clapton's "Willie and the Hand Jive" on my website. These 40-year-old songs that I can use in my classroom, that I think you should use in yours, they are part of our history. They are part of our culture, but they're locked away from us, and for no good reason.

Creative Commons License
This work (the text of this blog entry) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
For attribution of this work, link to this page and include my name, Douglas P Perkins.

ALT Course of Study

Two of my pictures are in the 2008 JET Journal, pages 95-96.

The following is an essay I submitted to the 2008 JET Essay Contest (Japanese Language). It was rejected.

ALTの練習課程
ダグラス パーキンス

私は去年8月、小さいながらも居心地よい家を出て日本に来ました。自己紹介で、「日本語は上手じゃないですけど、英語は上手です。だから、みんなは英語の勉強をして、私は日本語の勉強をします」と私は言いました。自己紹介を5回しましたが、5回とも同じ事を言いました。何度も同じ事を言い続ければ、だんだんそうなると信じ込むようになります。私は毎日日本語の勉強をします。多くの方法を使います:本や教科書やカード、漢字プリントや会話やエッセイです。実は私はこのエッセイを書きましたが、一人で書いた訳ではありません。数ヶ月前、中学生と話して、「日本語でエッセイを書く。でも日本語は難しい。だからYou should help me with it.」と言いました。もしかしたら彼らにはそのアイデアが面白く聞こえたのかもしれません。彼らは「should」と「must」と同じ意味としてとらえたために「yes」と答えたかもしれません。つまり、私は「一緒にしましょう」と誘ったわけですが、彼らは「しなければならない」という責任や義務として理解したわけです。もしかしたら生徒は分からなくても、「yes」と答えたのかもしれません。私には分かりません。「私と生徒たちの努力が成功するだろうか?」と今思っています。今あなたが読めているということは成功したことになります。まあ、読めなくても私たちはとても楽しめたと思います。

中学校で、日本語の学ぶことは興味深い事だと思います。もし時間に余裕があるなら、あなたも毎日使う機会のある日本語の勉強をされたらいかがですか。学校の先生方も喜んであなたの勉強を手伝ってくれるはずです。先日、教頭先生が私にポエムをプレゼントしてくれました。漢字の練習のため、私はそのポエムを手本にコピー、手書きしました。でもポエムの漢字はまったく分かりませんでした。今に至ってもそのポエムの意味は私にとって不可解です。辞典で漢字を調べるのは長い時間がかかり大変です。そこでお話を作りました。モンスターと魔術を使って戦う魔法使いの話です。その呪文は日本語でしたので、魔法使いは一生懸命日本語を勉強しなくてはなりませんでした。つまり私が言いたいのは、「Slime Forest」と「Number Crunchers」とファンタジーロールプレイ、双方の利用ということです。おそらくあなたは紙で書く練習が好きでないかもしれません。でも幸運な事に、学校には漢字練習に使えるニンテンドーDSの漢字ビデオゲームがあるはずです。僕はまだそのゲームを試してみたことはありませんが、試してみた人がいたら、メールを下さい。何か分からない日本語に出会うとき、あなたは廊下を歩き回り、生徒を見つけ、質問をします。でもその生徒はあなたから逃げてしまいます。しかし10秒後には、その生徒のクラスメイトたちがその分からない日本語を説明してくれます。生徒たちは最初、日本語で説明します。でも10秒後には、なんとか英語で説明してくれます。その時彼らの英語は正しい英語ではないかもしれません。しかしそれは大事な事じゃないと思います。生徒のアドバイスは後でチェックすることが無論大切ですが、「学生に助けを求めて質問することは有益な戦略です。」「たしかに、眺めてみればなにかが見つかるのが普通です。しかしそれが求めていた何かでは、かならずしもないかもしれません。」とトールキンは書きました。つまり日本語の宿題やCLAIR日本語テストの準備をするとき、その事実を私たちは忘れてはいけません。なにしろ生徒たちはまだ敬語などの文法を十分には習得していない訳ですから。

日本語は色々な場所で勉強できます。自分の家で、中学校で、図書館で、Mr. Donutで、小学校で。小学校では、一年生は優しいですが、大変です。ALTと一緒に折り紙したり、絵を描いたり、遊んだりすることは大好きですが、自分の言っていることがALTに通じないことを気付きません。子供たちは大学で勉強したテキストの日本語では話しませんので、ちょっと大変です。その結果、私は二つの日本語を勉強しています。ひとつはですます体や敬語の日本語で、もうひとつは動詞がなくてもいい、1・2語文の日本語です。一年生と話す時ですます体を使えば、子供たちは私が言ったことを原形でリピートします。つまり、子供たちは動詞の変形をしてくれます。うれしい動詞活用サービスです。

ALTは学生と日本語で話してはいけないと言われています。時々そうではありませんが、ほとんどの場合において真実です。もちろん、ALTは少しどころか、全く日本語を教室で使いません。また、ALTが日本語を使えば、何人かの学生は日本語だけで話したがるでしょう。それはよくないことです。ですから、私は度々いくつかのトピックに生徒たちを引きつけるために、ほんの少し日本語を交えながら話します。間もなく、自分が話していることが分からなくなり、英語で話さなければならくなります。それでも、私の戦略はいつも上手くいくとは限りません。佐藤君というある優しい学生は、教室以外では決して私に英語で話さないことを人生の目標に決めました。しかし、ある日私たちは互いに中国語で挨拶をしましたから私は楽観的です。一方、もう一人の同姓の佐藤君は恥ずかしがり屋です。でも、「趣味は何ですか」と私は佐藤君に聞いて、彼は少しリラックスしました。先月、「佐藤君の趣味はバスケット」と言うのを見てから、今では「NBAでは誰がナンバーワンフォワードか」を一緒に論じています。クリーブランド・キャバリアーズのレブロン・ジェームズです。お互いの共通の興味を知らなければ、私にとって最初に紹介した佐藤君は、二番目に紹介した佐藤君と同じくらい離れた存在です。つまり、もしあなたが全くコミュニケーションをとらなければ、何を言語で話すかはあまり問題ではありません。ですから、昼食時間、バスケット練習、ブラスバンドクラブでチェロを弾いている時、何人かの生徒たちと私は日本語と英語の両方を使って話します。英語と日本語の程よい組み合わせで話すことによって、その彼も英語と日本語でもっと会話ができるために準備をするようになります。ここでの目的はコミュニケーションです。コミュニケーションはとても大切だと考えます。とりわけ、コミュニケーションは海外旅行、学校生活、親善、国際交流、エッセイの執筆、龍と会話、15小節をどの楽器が演奏するか尋ねたり、空手で新しい方を習うなど好奇心の真髄です。コミュニケーションはおそらく、いいえ、きっと楽しいですから。

ALT Course of Study
Douglas Perkins

Last August, I left my comfortable little home and came to Japan. In my self-introduction, I said "I don't speak Japanese very well, but for the classroom maybe my English is quite good. So, you will study English, and I will study Japanese." I gave my self-introduction only five times, but perhaps if you say something enough times you start to believe it. I study Japanese every day and in many ways: books, flashcards, writing drills, conversations, and essays. This essay was written by me, but certainly not me alone. Several months ago I told some junior high school students they should help me work on it. Maybe they thought it sounded interesting. Or maybe there was a translation error with the word "should" -- sometimes "should" is a command, but other times it's an invitation. Or maybe they simply said "yes" without understanding. I don't know. Sometimes I wonder whether our collective effort was a success. If you're reading this, then perhaps it was. Even if you aren't, we enjoyed it.

Studying Japanese at junior high schools is an interesting thing. If you have some extra time, why not spend it learning a language that you use every day? Other teachers will happily help you with your studies. For example, one time the vice principal gave me a poem. I copied the poem for kanji practice, but I didn't know the kanji. To this day I have no idea what the poem meant. Of course, looking up kanji takes a long time, so I made up a translation. It was about a wizard fighting monsters with magic, but the spell's words were in Japanese, so the wizard had to work very hard. I guess I'm saying it was a cross between Slime Forest, Number Crunchers, and fantasy role playing. Perhaps you don't like practicing on paper. Fortunately, there's a kanji video game for the Nintendo DS that one can use to practice kanji at school too. I haven't tried this yet. If you do, please email me. And when you don't understand something, wander the halls until you find a student. The student will run away. Then, ten seconds later the student's class will be explaining the Japanese you don't understand. They'll explain ... in Japanese. And ten seconds after that they'll figure out how to say it all in English. It may not be proper English, but I think that's not a problem. Asking students for help is a useful strategy, though it's important to double check their advice. As Tolkien said, "You always find something, if you look, but it is not always quite the something you were after." This fact should be borne in mind when doing Japanese homework and CLAIR Japanese tests. After all, kids may have not learned such grammar (honorifics) yet.

Japanese can be studied in many places: at home, exciting classes at the library, Mr. Donut, junior high school, and elementary school. At elementary school, first grade students are friendly and frustrating. They love to do origami or draw pictures or play, but they cannot tell when you don't understand what they're saying. This is challenging because they simultaneously use Japanese and basic English, but not the Japanese taught to foreigners at the university. Consequently, I know two Japaneses. On the one hand, keigo and masu and desu verb endings, and on the other hand, one- and two-word sentences, verbs optional. If you use desu and masu with first graders, they will repeat what you said except in direct form. It's like a happy and free conjugation service.

It may be remarked that one should not speak in Japanese with the students. Most of the time, this is true, but sometimes it isn't. Of course, in the classroom there is little or no role for Japanese. Also, there is a risk that if the ALT uses Japanese, some students will speak to the ALT only in Japanese. This is no good. So, I often use just enough Japanese to get them hooked on some topic. After a while, I will not understand something, so we will have to start using English. Even so, my strategy does not always work. One friendly student, Sato-kun, has decided it is his goal in life to never, ever, speak to me in English outside the classroom... Although, the other day we greeted each other in Chinese, so there is yet hope. On the other hand, another student, Sato-kun, is very shy. Yet, when I asked him, "Shumi wa nan desu ka?", he relaxed a little. After finding out that his hobby is watching basketball, we now regularly argue about who the best forward in the NBA is. It's LeBron James. Without finding that common interest between us, Sato #1-kun would be as distant from me as Sato #2-kun. In short, if you aren't communicating at all, it simply doesn't matter in what language you would speak if you were to do so. So, during lunch or at basketball practice or when playing cello with the brass band, some of the students and I speak to each other in both English and Japanese. By talking in a reasonable mix of Japanese and English, we become prepared to talk more, later, in Japanese and English. The aim here is communication, which I think is very important. After all, communication is at the heart of our interests, be it for travel abroad or school or friendship, cultural exchange, writing essays, speaking with dragons, asking what instruments play in measure fifteen, or learning a new form in karate. Or maybe, mostly, because it's a lot of fun.

Creative Commons License
This work (the text of this blog entry) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
For attribution of this work, link to this page and include my name, Douglas P Perkins.